Destruction of rocks and artificial composites is carried out in various ways. One of the most common methods is the impact fracture. The conical pick of JCB HM380 hydraulic breaker was used as the impact tool. The experimental study of rock fracture was carried out on an artificial composite—concrete. The depth of penetration of the pick into concrete was used as the test parameter. The model was based on the model of Professor V. B. Sokolinsky. The model developed in this work takes into account the degree of bluntness of the tool insingle and multiple impact. The system was considered as a two-component system due to the high stiffness of the pick–granite contact (as against the hammer piston–pick stiffness). The wave processes in the pick were disregarded because of the small length of the pick. The pick penetration depth in rocks was calculated theoretically, using the developed mathematical model, at each impact of the pick, and then was compared with the experimental data. The fracture tests also used JCB HM380 breaker and concrete. The penetration depth was determined from the step-frame analysis of video filming of the process. It is found that the pick blunting causes a monotonic increase in the rock resistance to the pick penetration, both in single and multiple impact, while the depth of the tool penetration and the blow time decrease (as compared with the initial state of the tool, by 28% and 20%, respectively).

The Arctic region of Russia is of strategic importance to the country due to the presence of important sea routes, military bases and a wide variety of minerals. At the same time, despite the strategic importance of the region, its development is slow due to various environmental problems. In addition, there are various environmental problems that hinder the full development of the North of Russia (global warming, air, water and soil pollution). The threat of environmental instability is largely due to the activities of industrial enterprises in the region; as a result, the production process must be modernized in such a way as to eliminate or minimize possible risks to the environment. The article identifies the main problems of development of the mining and industrial complex of the Arctic region of Russia. The directions and ways of solving the identified problems, ways of achieving environmentally responsible nature management and establishment of circular economy in the region are considered. The main results of the study are the presentation of the relationship between the identified environmental problems and ways to solve them, the analysis of the negative impact of a number of mining companies on the Arctic environment, and the calculation of the economic effect of the introduction of water treatment facilities at the company of PAO MMC Norilsk Nickel.

Представлены результаты экспериментов по влиянию энергии удара на интенсивность ударно-абразивного изнашивания модельного инструмента из трех марок инструментальных сталей вида конической пики при ударном взаимодействии с фрагментом гранита. Часть инструмента подвергалась типовой термической обработке, практикуемой на заводах-изготовителях пик, другая — дополнительной обработке холодом или криогенной обработке. Для обоснования возможности переноса экспериментальных данных на натурные условия устанавливались рабочие параметры эксперимента, при соблюдении которых его условия будут подобны условиям работы пики гидромолота. Для выполнения указанного подобия уровень контактных напряжений между модельным инструментом и породой в экспериментах был таким же, как и при ударном внедрении пики. Установлена зависимость между интенсивностью ударно-абразивного изнашивания и энергией удара модельного инструмента, на основании которой рассчитаны интенсивности изнашивания пики гидромолота JCB HM380 при разрушении гранитных фрагментов. Оценивалась наработка пики, за которую принималось количество нанесенных ей ударов до полного изнашивания острия. Из сравнения наработки пик, изготовленных из анализируемых сталей и подвергнутых указанным видам термической обработки, сделан вывод о целесообразности внедрения операций обработки холодом и криогенной обработки в технологический процесс изготовления пик гидромолотов.