The 21st century is characterized not only by large-scale transformations but also by the speed with which they occur. Transformations—political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal-in synergy have always been a catalyst for reactions in society. The field of energy supply, like many others, is extremely susceptible to the external influence of such factors. To a large extent, this applies to remote (especially from the position of energy supply) regions. The authors outline an approach to justifying the development of the Arctic energy infrastructure through an analysis of the demand for the amount of energy consumed and energy sources, taking into account global trends. The methodology is based on scenario modeling of technological demand. It is based on a study of the specific needs of consumers, available technologies, and identified risks. The paper proposes development scenarios and presents a model that takes them into account. Modeling results show that in all scenarios, up to 50% of the energy balance in 2035 will take gas, but the role of carbon-free energy sources will increase. The mathematical model allowed forecasting the demand for energy types by certain types of consumers, which makes it possible to determine the vector of development and stimulation of certain types of resources for energy production in the Arctic. The model enables considering not only the growth but also the decline in demand for certain types of consumers under different scenarios. In addition, authors’ forecasts, through further modernization of the energy sector in the Arctic region, can contribute to the creation of prerequisites that will be stimulating and profitable for the growth of investment in sustainable energy sources to supply consumers. The scientific significance of the work lies in the application of a consistent hybrid modeling approach to forecasting demand for energy resources in the Arctic region. The results of the study are useful in drafting a scenario of regional development, taking into account the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as identifying areas of technology and energy infrastructure stimulation.

The article discusses the requirements for propellers of bottom mining machines for the development of deep-sea deposits of such unique minerals as ferromanganese nodules, deep-sea polymetallic sulfides, cobalt-manganese crusts. The main factor is the minimal impact on the underwater ecosystem. Based on existing prototypes of mining machines and patents, an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing conceptual mechanisms for the movement of mining machines was carried out, as a result of which it was determined that the most promising machines are those that do not contact the surface of the seabed, but such machines have a number of disadvantages. No less promising today are walking and tracked vehicles. The paper presents simplified formulas for determining the required minimum traction force when moving underwater mining machines, and simplified formulas for determining the speed of movement were obtained, which also clearly indicates the advantage of floating mining machines. According to the obtained graphical dependencies, a set of parameters plays an important role in the productivity of mining machines, including the speed of movement, overall dimensions, weight, and shape of the machine. The article also describes a complex for the extraction of minerals dispersed along the seabed, developed by the staff of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of St. Petersburg State University with various configuration options for the complex depending on the type of mineral, as well as the density of its distribution.

This article is review one and discusses the development trend of Russian oil industry, in particular, the oil refining sector. Nowadays, the Russian oil refining complex is characterized by insufficient volumes of secondary oil refining by selling low value-added products to the domestic and foreign markets, lagging behind in technical and technological development. The existing modernization process is lengthy and requiressignificant investments. This article also discusses ways out of the current situation of underinvestment of processing facilities. So, as measures that increase the investment attractiveness of refineries, one can distinguish such as: increasing the stability of tax legislation, eliminating price distortions, improving the quality of products, expanding export opportunities. However, the key decision may be the use of the public-private partnership method - the conclusion of quadripartite agreements with the authorities.