Электромеханическое оборудование (ЭМО) минерально-сырьевого комплекса наиболее подвержено износу из-за условий эксплуатации. Более раннее обнаружение дефектов оборудования лежит в основе определения фактического технического состояния ЭМО и повышения его энергетической эффективности. Представлены результаты исследования сигналов тока статора асинхронного двигателя для раннего обнаружения развивающихся дефектов на примере подшипников. Предложен подход, основанный на сингулярном разложении обобщенного тока и восстановлении временных рядов. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования с имитацией повреждения подшипника позволили установить связь изменения компонент временных рядов с наличием разного уровня дефектов подшипника, что дает возможность идентифицировать появление неисправности на более ранних стадиях. Подобная структура представления данных позволяет формировать компонентные диагностические карты, которые впоследствии при периодической оценке возможно использовать для выявления изменений в работе электромеханического оборудования. На основе предложенных подходов рассмотрены математический аппарат и индикаторы, позволяющие оценивать уровень вклада изменения технического состояния в потери электроэнергии для различных этапов эксплуатации. Оценка энергетических потерь на ранних стадиях дефектах дает перспективу к повышению энергоэффективности и безаварийности электромеханического оборудования минерально-сырьевого комплекса за счет последующего упреждающего управления.

Destruction of rocks and artificial composites is carried out in various ways. One of the most common methods is the impact fracture. The conical pick of JCB HM380 hydraulic breaker was used as the impact tool. The experimental study of rock fracture was carried out on an artificial composite—concrete. The depth of penetration of the pick into concrete was used as the test parameter. The model was based on the model of Professor V. B. Sokolinsky. The model developed in this work takes into account the degree of bluntness of the tool insingle and multiple impact. The system was considered as a two-component system due to the high stiffness of the pick–granite contact (as against the hammer piston–pick stiffness). The wave processes in the pick were disregarded because of the small length of the pick. The pick penetration depth in rocks was calculated theoretically, using the developed mathematical model, at each impact of the pick, and then was compared with the experimental data. The fracture tests also used JCB HM380 breaker and concrete. The penetration depth was determined from the step-frame analysis of video filming of the process. It is found that the pick blunting causes a monotonic increase in the rock resistance to the pick penetration, both in single and multiple impact, while the depth of the tool penetration and the blow time decrease (as compared with the initial state of the tool, by 28% and 20%, respectively).

This article is devoted to expanding the possibilities of assessing the technical state of the current consumption of asynchronous electric drives, as well as increasing the information capacity of diagnostic methods, in conditions of limited access to equipment and incompleteness of information. The method of spectral analysis of the electric drive current can be supplemented by an analysis of the components of the current of the Park's vector. The research of the hodograph evolution in the moment of appearance and development of defects was carried out using the example of current asymmetry in the phases of an induction motor. The result of the study is the new diagnostic parameters of the asynchronous electric drive. During the research, it was proved that the proposed diagnostic parameters allow determining the type and level of the defect. At the same time, there is no need to stop the equipment and takу it out of service for repair. Modern digital control and monitoring systems can use the proposed parameters based on the stator current of an electrical machine to improve the accuracy and reliability of obtaining diagnostic patterns and predicting their changes in order to improve the equipment maintenance systems. This approach can also be used in systems and objects where there are significant parasitic vibrations and unsteady loads. The extraction of useful information can be carried out in electric drive systems in the structure of which there is a power electric converter.